March 2016
The Government of Italy
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Type of Government: In a plebiscite on 2 June 1946, the Italian people voted (12,700,000 to 10,700,000) to end the constitutional monarchy, which had existed since 1861, and establish a republic. In result of this event the current type of Government in Italy is Parlimentary Republic.
Head of Government: President of the Republic :Sergio Mattarella, a lawyer, judge and politican who recently became the President of Italy in 2015.
Prime Minister (who repersents the Democratic party): Matteo Renzi Matteo Renzi is an Italian politician who has been the Prime Minister of Italy since 22 February 2014 and Secretary of the Democratic Party since 15 December 2013.
Branches of Goverment
Executive branch:
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chief of state:
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President: Sergio Mattarella since 2015
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head of government
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Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as the President of the Council of Ministers): Matteo Renzi since 2014
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cabinet:
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Council of Ministers; nominated by the President of the Council (i.e., Prime Minister) and approved by the President of the Republic
Legislative branch:
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bicameral Parliament (Parlamento)
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Senate (Senato della Repubblica)
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Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati)
Judicial branch:
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The Ministry of Justice
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High Council of the Judiciary
Executive Branch
Italy's executive branch is usually referred to as a Government of the Republic, and it consists of the prime minister, whose official title is the President of the Council of Ministers, the chief of state and the Council of Ministers itself, which is often called the Cabinet. The government's overall function is to run the country on a daily basis, implementing laws made by Parliament, making policies, and supervising the various areas of political and social activity, like justice, transportation, and healthcare.
Legislative Branch
The Italian legislative branch has rights to declare war with a majority vote. The Parliament has a bicameral system, and consists of the Chamber of deputies and the Senate, elected every five years. The Chamber of deputies is elected by direct and universal suffrage by voters who are eighteen.
Italy’s Judicial branch is run by to organizational bodies. First, the Ministry of Justice handles the judicial system's administrative details and assigns court personnel to various roles within the system. Second, the High Council of the Judiciary is responsible for appointing judges throughout the judicial system. Led by the president of the Republic and mostly composed of judges who are elected to the Council by their peers or by Parliament, the Council can also transfer judges, assign them to different positions, and discipline them as necessary.
Judicial Branch
The Italian Army (Italian: Esercito Italiano; EI) is the land defence force of the Italian Armed Forces of the Italian Republic. The army's history dates back to the unification of Italy in the 1850s and 1860s. The army fought in colonial engagements in China, Libya (1911–1912), northern Italy against the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I, Abyssinia before World War II, and in World War II in Albania, Greece, north Africa, Russia and Italy itself. During the Cold War the army prepared itself to defend against a Warsaw Pact invasion from the east. Since the end of the Cold War the army has seen extensive peacekeeping service and combat in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Military
Italy's Foreign Policy
Current Foreign Policy
Located in Europe, Italy has been considered a major Western power since its unification in 1861. Its main allies are the NATO countries, the EU states and the G7 nations, three entities of which Italy is a founding member. Italy has a particular role within the Christian world because Rome is the seat of the Pope and the center of the Catholic Church. Italy acts as a mediator in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and has a lot of troops deployed in the middle east and all over the world for peacekeeping missions and for combating the organized crime, illegal drug trade, human trafficking, piracy and terrorism. Italy is currently commanding various multinational forces. The country plays also a significant role in former colonies and territories of the Italian Empire and is considered a key player in the mediterranean region.
Foreign Policy of the Past
The Risorgimento was the era 1830–1870 that saw the emergence of a national consciousness. Italians achieved independence from Austria, the House of Bourbon and from the Pope, securing national unification.
Austria took the offensive against the terms of the alliance and Italy decided to take part in World War I as a principal allied power with France, the UK and Japan. During the First World War, Italy occupied southern Albania to prevent if from falling to Austria-Hungary. In 1917, it established a protectorate over Albania, which remained in place until 1920.[7] Italy defeated the Austrian Empire in 1918 and became one of the main winners of the war.
Italy’s foreign policy under Benito Mussolini had to be robust to show the world how powerful Italy was under his leadership. As leader of Italy, Mussolini wanted to re-establish the greatness of the Roman Empire.Mussolini believed that conquered foreign territory was the sign of a great nation and a great power. During the Second World War (1939–45), Italy formed the axis alliance with Japan and Germany and occupied several territories (such as parts of France, Greece, Egypt and Tunisia) but was forced in the final peace to abandon all its colonies and protectorates. Following the civil war and the economic depression caused by World War II, Italy enjoyed an economic miracle, promoted European unity, joined NATO and became an active member of the European Union.
The Austrian and Italian flags
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, both part of the Axis power in world war 2.